ANNOUNCER:You will hear a phone conversation in which a woman talks to a public transport official about something she has lost.First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4.

Staff member:Hello, City Transport Lost Property.How can I help you?

Woman:Oh, hello.Yes, I'm calling about a suitcase I lost yesterday.I don't suppose I'll get it back, but I thought I'd try.

Staff member:Well, some people do hand lost items in, so you might be lucky.Let's put the details into the computer.

Woman:OK.

Staff member:Right, so let's start with a description of the suitcase.

Woman:OK, well it's small, and it's the type you can pull along on wheels.

Staff member:How about the color?

Woman:Yes, uh, it's black, uh, but not exactly plain black.It has some narrow stripes down it.Sort of grey, actually no, they're white now I think about it.

Staff member:OK, I'll just add that information.Now, were there any items inside it?

Woman:Yes, I had a big bunch of keys in there.Luckily my assistant manager has an identical set, so she's going out this morning to get some copies made.

Staff member:So they're for your office?

Woman:That's right.My house keys were in my pocket, thank goodness.

Staff member:Anything else?

Woman:Um. There were a lot of documents, but they're saved on my laptop anyway.So they don't matter so much, but the thing I'm really worried about, I mean I haven't even taken it out of the box yet.Is a camera I just bought.That's really why I'm calling.I can't believe I've lost it already.

Staff member:I see.Well, let's hope we can find it for you.Was there anything else?

Woman:I don't think so.

Staff member:Any credit cards?

Woman:They were in my handbag, and I had my passport inside my jacket pocket.

ANNOUNCER:Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you will have some time to look at the questions 5 to 10.Now listen and answer questions 5 to 10.

Staff member:Money, clothing, any personal items?

Woman:Uh. Let me think.I had an umbrella.It was black, no, blue, but obviously that isn't as important as the other things.

Staff member:Uh. No, but it all helps us identify your property and get it back to you.Anyway, I just need to ask you for some basic details about your journey.So, it was yesterday, was it?

Woman:That's right.In the afternoon, around 2 pm, maybe 2:30.

Staff member:OK.So that would be May the 13th.

Woman:Yes, I was heading to Highbury.That's where I live.

Staff member:All right, and you mentioned a passport, I think.So you were coming from the airport, I presume.

Woman:Yes, and I was looking forward to getting home so much, and what with being tired and everything.I think that's why I just forgot about the case.

Staff member:And how were you traveling when you lost your property?I mean what kind of transport were you using?

Woman:I thought about getting the train, but that would have meant a bus journey as well, and I couldn't be bothered, so I decided to take a taxi eventually.That's where I must have left it.

Staff member:Well, that's good news in a way.It's more likely that a driver would have found it and handed it in.

Woman:I hope so.

Staff member:Well, I need your personal details now.Can I have your full name please?

Woman:Yes, it's Lisa Docherty.I'll spell that for you.It's DOCHERTY.

Staff member:Thank you.And next, if I could have your address, the best address to send you the property, if we managed to locate it.

Woman:Sure.It's number 15A, River Road, and that's Highbury, as I said.

Staff member:Thank you.Just a moment, there's just one final thing.That's your phone number.

Woman:I guess my mobile would be best.Uh. Hang on, I can never remember my own number.OK, I've got it.It's 07979605437.

Staff member:Well, I think that's everything we need at this end.I'll have a look at the data on.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of section 1.You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:You will hear a tourist information officer explaining local walks to visitors.First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15.

SPEAKER:Welcome to everyone here.I hope you enjoy your stay in our village, and enjoy the local scenery.I'll tell you a bit about the forest and mountain tracks in a minute.But first, I'll just give you an idea of where everything is in the village.So, we're here in the Tourist Information Center.And when you come out of the Center, you're on Willow Lane, just opposite the pond.If you want to get to the supermarket for your supplies of food and water, go right, that's the quickest way.And then turn right at the top of Willow Lane, and it's the second building you come to, opposite the old railway station.If you're planning on doing some serious climbing, and you need some equipment, we do have an excellent climbing supplies store, just 5 minutes' walk away.Turn left once you're outside the Tourist Information Center.Take Willow Lane all the way up to Pine Street.You wanna go left along here.Then keep walking and go past Mountain Road on your right, until you come to the next turning on the left, head down there.And you'll come to the climbing supplies store.If you get to the small building that sells ski passes, you'll know you've gone too far.You also need to head to Pine Street for the museum.It's small, but well worth a visit if you're interested in the history of the village and the old gold mining industry.So, when you reach Pine Street from here, you'll see the old railway line on the other side of the road.Turn left into Pine Street.And keep going until you come to Mountain Road, and just up here, the museum will be on your left, just behind the railway line.Don't worry about crossing over the tracks.The trains stopped running through here in 1985.If you're planning on following one of the easier forest walks, you might like to hire a bicycle.To get to the hire shop, again, you need to head to Pine Street.On the left-hand side of Pine Street, you'll see the Town Hall.Go down the little road that you come to just before it, and you'll find the bike hire shop just behind the hall.They have a good range of bikes, so I'm sure you'll find something that suits your needs.Last but not least, if you're hungry after a long day's trek.I can recommend our local cafe.Again, when you leave the Tourist Information Center, turn right, and follow Willow Lane until it joins Pine Street.And right opposite on the far side of the railway tracks is the cafe.

ANNOUNCER:Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you will have some time to look at the questions 16 to 20.Now listen and answer questions 16 to 20.

SPEAKER:OK, let me tell you a little bit about the different tracks we have here.All of them start at the end of Mountain Road, and you'll find a parking lot there where you can leave your vehicles.Let's start with North Point track.It's a gentle route through lowland forest, good for biking, and probably the one for you, if you have small children.There's a wooden hut where you can stay at the end of the track, but be aware that it's really just an overnight shelter, and you'll need to take your own sleeping bags and cooking equipment.Another option is the Silver River track.As the name suggests, you'd be following the river for most of the way, and you get to see some of our beautiful native birds.But the track also goes through a densely forested area.Unfortunately, the signposting isn't very good in places, and you do need good map-reading skills to avoid becoming disoriented.Which happens to visitors a little too frequently, I'm afraid.Valley Crossing will take you through some stunning scenery, but there are several points along the way where you'll need the level of fitness required to get over some pretty big rocks.Stonebridge is one of the shorter tracks, but very steep as it takes you up to the waterfall, and you do need to be in good condition to manage it.Lastly, the Henderson Ridge track will take you all the way to the summit of the mountain.Do bear in mind though, that at this time of year, the weather is very changeable.And if the cloud suddenly descends, it's all too easy to wander off the track.It's best to check with us for a weather report on the morning you think you want to go.On the way to the summit, there's a hotel which provides comfortable rooms and quality meals, so it's worth climbing all that.

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 2.You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:You will hear a student discussing his case study with his tutor.First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.

Tutor:Well, James, I've had a look over your case study, and for a first draft, it looks promising.

James:I have to be honest, when you told us we had to write about a furniture company, it didn't sound like the kind of thing that would interest me, but since then, I've changed my mind.

Tutor:Why is that?

James:Well, as you know, furniture Rossi is an Australian company, still comparatively small compared to some of the high street stores.But it's got plans to expand into foreign markets, so I chose it for that reason.It's going through a transition, it's a family run business, aiming to build a global brand.

Tutor:All right, and you've made that clear in your writing.Hmm. One thing though that I think you've overlooked is why Luca Rossi started a furniture company here in Australia in the first place.

James:Well, he just got an arts degree, hadn't he?And people were trying to talk him into an academic profession, but he wanted a practical job, something he thought would be more satisfying in the long run.His grandfather had been a craftsman.He'd made furniture in Italy, and he'd passed this skill onto Luca's father.And well, Luca thought he'd like to continue the tradition.

Tutor:Yes, that was the motivation behind his decision.And what was it do you think that gave Furniture Rossi a competitive edge over other furniture companies?

James:I wouldn't think it was price.It's always been at the higher end of the market, but according to my research, it was to do with the attitude of the employees.They were really focused on giving good customer service.

Tutor:Yes, Luca Rossi insisted on that.Their promotional campaigns also emphasized the fact that the wood only came from Australian forests, but that was the case with their rivals too, so it wouldn't have made them stand out.OK, we'll have a careful look at the content of your case study in a minute, but I just want to make a general comment first, before you start writing your second draft.OK, yes, what I'd like to see more of is your opinion, a bit more critical thinking, rather than the bare facts.But it's good to see you've been careful with your referencing this time.

James:Thanks.And I read and reread my work, so I'm pretty sure there aren't any errors with the language.

Tutor:Yes, it's fine.Oh, but there's one other thing I could probably mention at this point.

James:Yes?

Tutor:Well, at the end of term, you'll also be giving a presentation.Also on Furniture Rossi.

James:Yes, I haven't given it much thought yet.

Tutor:Understandably. But, while you're writing the case study, I'd recommend you think about what kind of information would be suitable to use in your presentation.Remember, the last time you gave a presentation on a company,you spent a considerable part of the time providing the audience with financial data, but they probably needed to hear more about company strategy.

James:Yes, I did concentrate rather too much on the figures.I'll make sure there's a balance this time.

Tutor:Good.

ANNOUNCER:Now listen and answer questions 26 to 30.

Tutor:OK, so let's just think about the content of your case study, the history of Furniture Rossi.I see here in paragraph 4.You're talking about how Luca Rossi raised the capital for his new business venture, and then you're talking about the customer base growing much wider.But what was it that prompted this growth?

James:Well, that was to do with the quality of the furniture products that the company was selling.People loved that it was all hand made, and would last.

Tutor:And because demand from customers kept growing.

James:Well, then Rossi needed to take on more craftsmen, so they could make sure the orders were ready on time.And then he also had to set up two new warehouses to make distribution quicker.

Tutor:Yes, and from there, the company really grew.Hmm.But think what happened next.They started looking at ways to increase their profits, and called in a consultant, and what he saw immediately was that the infrastructure was completely outdated.They were paying three full-time admin staff just for data entry.So he recommended they upgrade their software programs, and that in turn cut operational costs, and just speeded everything up.

James:I'm surprised they didn't get onto that earlier, but I suppose Luca Rossi was more interested in the design aspect, rather than the finance side of things.

Tutor:Yes.I imagine that's why he eventually turned the day to day running of the company over to his son.And in fact, it was the son, Marco, who persuaded his father to move on from traditional television advertising.And go online instead.

James:I guess that's the best way to reach people.

Tutor:It can be, but initially customers actually complained.

James:Why?

Tutor:Well, some users found it hard to navigate their way around the website, so they were getting frustrated and giving up.So then the company called in a professional to improve it.

James:Oh, I see.He must have done a good job.They've had a continuous three-year rise in revenue, so things must be going well.

Tutor:Indeed.And what of the future?

James:Well, I probably need to talk about this a bit more in the concluding paragraphs, don't I?Consumers are already aware of the quality of the furniture.That's for sure, but I think the company is aiming to publicize their values, the fact that they have respect for beauty, durability and functionality and the environment.A lot of companies are already...

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of Section 3.You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER:You will hear a lecture about rock art.First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

SPEAKER:Hello, everyone, and welcome.As part of this series of lectures on the development of early humans, today we are looking at rock art, the paintings and drawings produced by prehistoric peoples,as they spread across the continents.If you've been lucky enough to look at a piece of rock art close up, you'll know it's an experience that makes you wonder about the passage of time and our own history.But rock art also has a practical value for researchers, and let's start by considering why that is.Firstly, it provides vital information about the way that people evolved.Information not always easily obtainable from excavated artefacts alone.Secondly, rock art tells us about migration, where people came from, and where perhaps they went next.Rock art is found all over the world, and this in itself is not surprising.But what is rather amazing you might think is how similar some images are, whether you're looking at a rock face in South Africa.Or standing inside a cave in Spain.Let me give you an example.When our ancestors drew humans, they would often draw them as stick figures.But if they drew a face, then the eyes were almost always very prominent, very open and wide.And of course, animals are very common in rock art.But one animal which is very interesting to researchers is the lizard, because whenever you see a prehistoric painting of one, it's depicted either in profile or looking down on it from above.And these drawings are produced by people of totally different cultural backgrounds, amazing.But how can this be the case?That similar artistic styles exist in such distant locations.In the past, archaeologists believed that trade must have brought people together.And that it gave them the opportunity to observe each other's culture, including art styles, but this didn't prove to be the case.Recently, researchers have come up with a new theory.They believe that the brains of our ancestors evolved to notice certain images before others, and this was important, actually essential, because in an environment full of constant danger.It was necessary for survival.So the need to quickly recognize things that could be helpful or harmful could have had a great influence on rock art.And explain why some images are more common across cultures than others.Later on, there would have been other reasons why communities produced art.Certainly for spiritual and social purposes, and no doubt for political ones too, as different tribes looked for allies and struggled against their enemies.Well, as I said before, you can find rock art all over the world, but I'd like to focus now on the rock art of the Aboriginal people of Australia.The images that survive in this part of the world span at least 20,000 years.In fact, the Aborigines were still practicing this art form in the late 18th century.When the Europeans began to arrive, and certain images point to the contact between them.For example, the Aborigines began to draw ships, which they would have seen along the coast.It's hard for us to imagine what they must have thought when these first began to appear.Another image that is evidence of European arrival is that of horses.An animal that would have been very alien to the Australian landscape.Um. It isn't actually known how many sites there are across Australia where rock art can be found.But unfortunately, we do know that much of the art is being lost to us.Erosion of course is one of the key reasons for its destruction, but human activity is also increasingly responsible.Since the 1960s industry alone has destroyed around an estimated 10,000 pieces of art.At this rate, in 50 years, half of all Australian rock art could have disappeared for good.Vandalism is sadly another factor, and although most people I believe would wish to preserve this art, I'm afraid that tourism is another reason why the art is disappearing. In some cases, the art is damaged when...

ANNOUNCER:That is the end of section 4.You now have half a minute to check your answers.